From Fork to Feelings: How Foods Shape Mental Health via the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

Feb 2, 2026Annual review of food science and technology

How Food Influences Mental Health Through Gut Bacteria and Brain Communication

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Abstract

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is associated with mental health regulation through various signals.

  • The gut microbiota communicates with the brain via neural, metabolic, immune, and hormonal signals.
  • Dietary patterns such as high-fat and high-sugar diets may negatively affect mental health.
  • Conversely, Mediterranean and fiber-rich diets could provide benefits to mental health.
  • The gut microbiota remains stable in healthy adults but can be altered by diet, medication, and lifestyle.
  • More human studies are required to understand the variability in gut microbiota effects on mental health.

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