A self-assembling foot-and-mouth disease mRNA vaccine induced both antibody and cellular immune responses in animal models.
Evidence
This preclinical vaccine study immunized mice to measure humoral and cellular immunity and used guinea pig challenge experiments showing protection comparable to traditional inactivated vaccines.
Caveat
The evidence is limited to mouse immunogenicity and guinea pig challenge models, so durability and field protection in target livestock remain uncertain.
Simplified
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major animal infectious disease that has garnered significant international attention. Currently, conventional inactivated vaccines and (VLP) vaccines primarily induce protective immune responses through the generation of neutralizing antibodies. However, these vaccines exhibit limited activation of cellular immunity and offer short-term immune persistence. Furthermore, inactivated vaccines raise certain biosafety concerns. In this study, an FMD mRNA vaccine capable of self-assembling into non-infectious VLP was developed. Immunization of mice demonstrated that this VLP mRNA vaccine not only elicited robust humoral immune responses with long-lasting antibody production but also effectively activated cellular immunity. In guinea pig challenge experiments, it provided immune protection comparable to that of traditional inactivated vaccines. The dual immune mechanism-simultaneously activating both humoral and cellular immunity-overcomes the limitations of traditional vaccines, making this VLP mRNA vaccine an innovative candidate for FMD control and providing a technical foundation for the development of VLP mRNA vaccines for other animal diseases. KEY POINTS: • A novel FMD mRNA vaccine that self-assembles into VLP was successfully developed. • The FMD VLP mRNA vaccine effectively stimulates both humoral and cellular immune responses. • The FMD VLP mRNA vaccine provides protective efficacy in guinea pig challenge models.
Key numbers
1:512
Neutralizing Antibody Titer Peak
Measured in BALB/c mice after vaccination with LNP-mP12A3C.
100%
Protection Rate
Observed in guinea pigs post-challenge with FMDV.
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