Risk factors of geriatric depression in rural China based on a generalized estimating equation

Jan 31, 2018International psychogeriatrics

Factors linked to depression in older adults living in rural China

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Abstract

Poor economic status is associated with an increased risk of geriatric depression, with an odds ratio of 8.294.

Geriatric depression may be linked to social support, education level, economic status, ADL disability, anxiety disorders, and cognitive impairment.
The presence of more than two chronic diseases is associated with an increased risk of geriatric depression (OR = 1.681).
ADL disability is associated with an increased risk of geriatric depression (OR = 2.184).
Cognitive impairment may increase the risk of geriatric depression (OR = 1.921).
Anxiety disorders are linked to a higher risk of geriatric depression (OR = 5.434).
Better social support is associated with a lower risk of geriatric depression (OR = 0.924).

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UNLABELLED: ABSTRACTBackground:The number of elderly individuals living in China is increasing rapidly. The aim of this study was to examine the potential risk factors of geriatric depression in rural areas.

METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2015 and October 2016 in rural China. Nine hundred forty-five elderly individuals were included in both investigations. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine the relationships between geriatric depression and socio-demographics, the number of chronic diseases, ADL (Activity of Daily Living) disability, cognitive impairment, and anxiety.

RESULTS: Among the participants, the majority was female (61.4%) and illiterate (81.5%) and had a general economic status (63.0%) and more than two kinds of chronic diseases (62.9%). The bivariate analysis indicated that geriatric depression was associated with social support, education level, economic status, ADL disability, anxiety disorders, and cognitive impairment at both survey time points. The GEE results showed that poor economic status (OR = 8.294, p < 0.001), the presence of more than two chronic diseases (OR = 1.681, p = 0.048), ADL disability (OR = 2.184, p < 0.001), cognitive impairment (OR = 1.921, p < 0.001), and anxiety (OR = 5.434, p < 0.001) were risk factors for geriatric depression in rural China; better social support (OR = 0.924, 95% CI = 0.899-0.949, p < 0.001) was found to be a protective factor.

CONCLUSIONS: Geriatric depression in rural China was associated with several socio-demographic, physical, and mental factors. Targeted interventions are essential to improve the psychological health of aged individuals in rural China.

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Risk factors of geriatric depression in rural China based on a generalized estimating equation

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