GLP-1/GIP analogs: potential impact in the landscape of obesity pharmacotherapy

Mar 17, 2023Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

Possible effects of GLP-1 and GIP drugs on obesity treatment options

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Abstract

Tirzepatide has attained Fast Track designation for obesity management by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Recent approvals of liraglutide and semaglutide for obesity management have generated significant interest.
Phase III clinical trials showed promising weight loss in obese individuals for liraglutide and semaglutide.
GLP-1 receptor mimetics are frequently discontinued within 24 months, raising questions about their long-term use in obesity.
Combined GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor agonism may lead to fewer side effects compared to GLP-1 receptor mimetics alone.
The potential inclusion of GIP receptor modulation may enhance therapeutic strategies for managing diabetes and obesity.

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INTRODUCTION: Obesity is recognized as a major healthcare challenge. Following years of slow progress in discovery of safe, effective therapies for weight management, recent approval of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) mimetics, liraglutide and semaglutide, for obesity has generated considerable excitement. It is anticipated these agents will pave the way for application of tirzepatide, a highly effective glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), GLP-1R co-agonist, recently approved for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AREAS COVERED: Following promising weight loss in obese individuals in Phase III clinical trials, liraglutide and semaglutide were approved for weight management without diabetes. Tirzepatide has attained Fast Track designation for obesity management by the US Food and Drug Association. This narrative review summarizes experimental, preclinical, and clinical data for these agents and related GLP-1R/GIPR co-agonists, prioritizing clinical research published within the last 10 years where possible.

EXPERT OPINION: GLP-1R mimetics are often discontinued within 24 months meaning long-term application of these agents in obesity is questioned. Combined GIPR/GLP-1R agonism appears to induce fewer side effects, indicating GLP-1R/GIPR co-agonists may be more suitable for enduring obesity management. After years of debate, this GIPR-biased GLP-1R/GIPR co-agonist highlights the therapeutic promise of including GIPR modulation for diabetes and obesity therapy.

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GLP-1/GIP analogs: potential impact in the landscape of obesity pharmacotherapy

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