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Two incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP: Comparison of their actions in insulin secretion and β cell preservation
Comparison of two gut hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, in boosting insulin release and protecting insulin-producing cells
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Abstract
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are key incretin hormones that stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells.
- GIP and GLP-1 are secreted from the intestine in response to glucose or nutrient intake.
- These hormones bind to specific receptors, GIP receptor (GIPR) and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), activating intracellular cAMP in pancreatic β cells.
- In addition to stimulating insulin secretion, GIP and GLP-1 may help preserve pancreatic β cell mass by reducing cell death and promoting cell growth.
- Incretin-based therapies are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
- Despite extensive research, the exact molecular mechanisms by which GIPR and GLP-1R activation enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion remain unclear.
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