The Association between GLP-1 Receptor-Based Agonists and the Incidence of Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Obesity: A Meta-Analysis.

Jul 11, 2024Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES

Link between GLP-1 receptor drugs and new asthma cases in people with type 2 diabetes or obesity: A combined analysis

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Abstract

A trend of reduced risk of asthma was observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonists.

39 randomized controlled trials involving a total of 85,755 participants were analyzed.
The overall risk ratio for asthma among GLP-1 receptor-based agonist users compared to non-users was 0.91, indicating a trend but not statistically significant.
Subgroup analyses suggested that using light-molecular-weight GLP-1 receptor agonists might be associated with a reduced risk of asthma (risk ratio 0.65).
Sensitivity analyses did not reveal any significant associations when considering various participant characteristics, study designs, and drug types.
Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and asthma risk.

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OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have indicated potential anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on asthma, which is often comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between the administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-based agonists and the incidence of asthma in patients with T2DM and/or obesity.

METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, andwere systematically searched from inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists (GLP-1RA, GLP-1 based dual and triple receptor agonist) with reports of asthma events were included. Outcomes were computed as risk ratios () using a fixed-effects model. Clinicaltrial.gov RR

RESULTS: Overall, 39 RCTs with a total of 85,755 participants were included. Compared to non-GLP-1 receptor-based agonist users, a trend of reduced risk of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments, although the difference was not statistically significant [= 0.91, 95% confidence interval (): 0.68 to 1.24]. Further Subgroup analyses indicated that the use of light-molecular-weight GLP-1RAs might be associated with a reduced the risk of asthma when compared with non-users (= 0.65, 95%: 0.43 to 0.99,= 0.043). We also performed sensitivity analyses for participant characteristics, study design, drug structure, duration of action, and drug subtypes. However, no significant associations were observed. RR CI RR CI P

CONCLUSION: Compared with non-users, a modest reduction in the incidence of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments. Further investigations are warranted to assess the association between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and the risk of asthma.

The Association between GLP-1 Receptor-Based Agonists and the Incidence of Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Obesity: A Meta-Analysis.

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