Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists on obesity and metabolic profile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nov 22, 2025BMC gastroenterology

Effects of GLP-1 treatments on weight and metabolism in people with inflammatory bowel disease

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Abstract

The pooled weight change following treatment was -5.71 Kg.

  • A total of eight retrospective cohort studies involving 1236 patients were reviewed.
  • Weight loss was significant in the semaglutide subgroup, with a mean change of -5.59 Kg.
  • Significant reductions in body mass index () were observed, with a mean change of -2.18 Kg/m.
  • The certainty of evidence for weight change was rated as 'Low,' and 'Very Low' for other outcomes.
  • Potential bias in the included studies and small sample sizes limit the robustness of the findings.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the IBD population.

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Key numbers

-5.71 Kg
Mean Weight Loss
Pooled mean change from baseline to follow-up.
-2.18 Kg/m²
Mean Reduction
Pooled mean change from baseline to follow-up across studies.
-5.59 Kg
Semaglutide Weight Change
Mean raw change in weight for the semaglutide subgroup.

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