GLP-1 receptor agonists and the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a single-center, retrospective cohort study

Oct 31, 2024Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery

GLP-1 receptor drugs and the risk of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

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Abstract

Preoperative exposure to GLP-1 receptor agonists is associated with a 6.782 times higher risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

62.2% of patients experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).
Among patients exposed to GLP-1 receptor agonists, 84.7% experienced PONV compared to 58.2% of those not exposed.
In a matched cohort of 158 patients, PONV occurred in 83.5% of those exposed to GLP-1 receptor agonists and 60.8% of those not exposed.
Higher doses of GLP-1 receptor agonists are positively associated with an increased risk of PONV after LSG.

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BACKGROUND: Whether preoperative exposure to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between preoperative GLP-1RAs exposure and PONV after LSG.

SETTING: University Hospital, China.

METHODS: We reviewed a retrospective cohort of patients underwent LSG between January 1, 2017, and December 30, 2021 at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, dividing the patients into 2 groups on the basis of whether they were exposed to GLP-1RAs preoperatively. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to balance the characteristics between the groups. Associations between GLP-1RAs exposure and PONV were determined by logistic regressions.

RESULTS: A total of 564 eligible patients underwent LSG, 351 (62.2%, 95% CI 58.2-66.1) of whom had PONV. In total cohort, PONV occurred in 72(84.7%) patients exposed to GLP-1RAs preoperatively and 279 (58.2%) patients not exposed to GLP-1RAs (adjusted odds ratio 6.782, 95% confidence interval 3.307-13.907, P < .001). In the 158 matched patients, PONV occurred in 66 (83.5%) patients exposed to GLP-1RAs preoperatively and 48 (60.8%) matched patients not exposed to GLP-1RAs (adjusted odds ratio 3.830, 95% confidence interval 1.461-10.036, P = .006). Subgroup analysis by dosage forms and doses revealed a positive association between greater doses and an increased risk of PONV after LSG for both once-daily and once-weekly formulations.

CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative exposure to GLP-1RAs is associated with an increased risk of PONV in patients undergoing LSG, particularly at higher doses of exposure.

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GLP-1 receptor agonists and the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a single-center, retrospective cohort study

Abstract

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