Journal of affective disorders

Ratio of brain chemicals glutamate and glutamine to GABA linked to ketamine response in hard-to-treat depression

Updated

Abstract

A higher baseline dACC Glx/GABA ratio is associated with greater improvement in depression symptoms after ketamine treatment.

  • Approximately 30% of patients with treatment-resistant depression respond to ketamine.
  • Changes in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores after ketamine treatment were -4.9 on average in both the double-blind and open-label periods.
  • A higher baseline dACC Glx/GABA ratio correlated with more significant improvement in depression scores (β = -0.42, p = 0.040).
  • In the ketamine group, a reduction in the dACC Glx/GABA ratio was linked to greater improvement in depression scores (β = 0.74, p = 0.009).
  • No correlation between dACC Glx/GABA ratio changes and depression score improvement was observed in the placebo group.

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Funding

Competing interests

Declaration of competing interest Yohei Ohtani has received manuscript fees from Sumitomo Pharma within the past three years. Hideaki Tani has received manuscript or speaker fees from Sumitomo Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Wiley Japan, and Yoshitomi Yakuhin within the past three years. Shiori Honda has received the JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (DC1), and The Keio University Doctorate Student Grant-in-Aid Program from Ushioda Memorial Fund. Kie Nomoto-Takahashi has received manuscript fees from Sumitomo Pharma and Wiley Japan within the past three years. Taisuke Yatomi has received grants from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K07508, 23KJ1898), and The Keio University Doctorate Student Grant-in-Aid Program from Ushioda Memorial Fund (Graduate school recommendation) within the past three years. Kengo Yonezawa has received manuscript fees from Sumitomo Pharma and Wiley Japan within the past three years. Nobuhiro Nagai has received manuscript or speaker fees from Sumitomo Pharma and Wiley Japan within the past three years. Keisuke Kusudo has received speaker fees from Janssen and Eisai Pharmaceutical within the past three years. Shinsuke Koike received grants from AMED (JP23tm0524002, JP19dm0207069, and JP18dm0307004), JST (JPMJFR231Q), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS; JP24H00899, JP24K02378, JP23H02865, JP23H03877, JP22H05212, JP21H02851, JP21H05324, and JP20KK0193), Takeda Science Foundation, and SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation; speaker's fees from Lundbeck, Eisai, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries for the past 3 years. Hiroyuki Uchida has received grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Mochida, Otsuka, and Sumitomo Pharma; speaker's fees from Eisai, Lundbeck, Meiji Seika Pharma, Otsuka, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, MSD, and Sumitomo Pharma; and advisory board fees from Lundbeck, Sumitomo Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, and Boehringer Ingelheim Japan for the past three years. Shinichiro Nakajima has received grants from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18H02755, 22H03002), Japan Agency for Medical Research and development (AMED: JP24wm0625302, JP24wm0625307), Japan Research Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology, Naito Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, Watanabe Foundation, Osakeno-Kagaku Foundation, and Astellas Foundation within the past three years. Shinichiro Nakajima has also received research support, manuscript fees or speaker's honoraria from Sumitomo Pharma, Meiji Seika Pharma, Otsuka, PDR pharma, and MSD within the past three years. Other authors have nothing to disclose.
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