Microbiota-derived aromatic amino acid decarboxylases: linking microbial fitness and host neurochemical communication.

Microbiota-derived monoamines may influence host physiology and are associated with various health conditions.

• The human microbiota produces neurotransmitters and trace amines through bacterial enzymes called aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases (AADCs).
• Bacterial AADCs show variability in gene organization, substrate range, and expression across different bacterial species.
• The products of AADCs contribute to microbial survival by enhancing resistance to acid stress and facilitating attachment to host tissues.
• Microbiota-derived monoamines can influence neurotransmission, immune responses, and metabolic processes via specific receptors in the host.
• These molecules may enter the bloodstream and affect conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders.
• Emerging evidence suggests that microbiota-derived compounds also play a role in wound healing and the effectiveness of certain drugs.

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