Role of the gut-brain axis in neurological diseases: Molecular connections and therapeutic implications (Review)

Sep 12, 2025International journal of molecular medicine

How the Gut-Brain Interaction May Be Linked to Brain Diseases and Treatments

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Abstract

The gut-brain axis is linked to various neurological disorders including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.

  • Dysregulation of the gut-brain axis may contribute to conditions such as neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Mechanisms involved include neuroinflammation, changes in neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and alterations in the blood-brain barrier.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-brain axis encompass dietary interventions, probiotics, pharmacological approaches, and emerging therapies.
  • There is potential for developing biomarkers and personalized medicine based on components of the gut-brain axis.
  • Heterogeneity in probiotic strains, fecal microbiota transplants, and patient microbiota baselines may impede immediate clinical translation.
  • Future research should focus on standardized trial designs and the integration of multi-omics biomarkers.

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