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Abstract
Chronic exposure to 5000 ng/L tylosin in adult zebrafish is associated with neurotoxic effects.
- Behavioral tests revealed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, such as reduced exploration and increased freezing.
- Histopathological analysis showed neuronal degeneration indicated by decreased Nissl staining in critical brain regions.
- Transcriptomic analysis identified significant changes in genes related to neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, immune response, and steroid metabolism.
- Alterations in gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles were observed, particularly affecting tryptophan metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis.
- Impaired intestinal barrier function was linked to a decrease in goblet cells and reduced expression of tight junction and mucin-2 proteins.
- Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed the role of altered gut microbiota in inducing behavioral changes, suggesting a microbiota-gut-brain axis involvement.
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