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The indole-brain connection: neuroimmune mechanisms and therapy
The link between indole compounds and the brain: immune-related processes and potential treatments
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Abstract
Microbiota-derived metabolites, particularly indole and its derivatives, are emerging as critical factors in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
- Indole and its derivatives influence communication between the gut and brain through immune, neural, and endocrine pathways.
- These metabolites activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which modulates neuroimmune responses.
- Regulation of microglial activation, astrocyte reactivity, and blood-brain barrier integrity is associated with indole-derived metabolites.
- Effects on neuroinflammation, nerve regeneration, and blood-brain barrier function have been observed in animal studies.
- Challenges remain in translating findings to clinical settings due to conditional effects of AhR signaling and difficulties in gut metabolite delivery.
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