Homeostatic crosstalk among gut microbiome, hypothalamic and hepatic circadian clock oscillations, immunity and metabolism in response to different light–dark cycles: A multiomics study

Irregular light-dark cycles significantly disrupt central circadian clock rhythms and gut microbiome interactions, leading to potential health issues.

• Central circadian clock rhythms lost their regular pattern under irregular light-dark cycles.
• Peripheral circadian genes in the liver showed minimal changes despite light-dark cycle variations.
• Specific gut bacteria were identified as regulators of liver circadian rhythms during irregular light-dark cycles.
• Different light-dark cycles impacted immune functions variably, with more pronounced effects on liver immunity than on hypothalamic immunity.
• Extreme alterations in light-dark cycles caused greater disruptions to gut health compared to minor adjustments.
• Hepatic tryptophan metabolism plays a role in the interaction among gut microbiome, liver, and brain in response to light-dark cycle changes.

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