The Gut Microbiome as a Body Organ

The gut microbiome may function as an organ-like system that actively regulates host physiology.

• The gut microbiome exhibits a spatially structured organization and extensive metabolic capacity.
• Bioactive metabolites produced by the microbiome have properties that may influence metabolism, immune response, and neuroendocrine function.
• Recent advances are shifting focus from taxonomy to functional interpretation and mechanistic understanding of the microbiome.
• Host genetics, diet, medications, feeding patterns, circadian rhythms, and environmental exposures may shape microbiome-derived functional modules.
• A framework for mapping and therapeutically targeting microbiome-derived circuits could enhance precision medicine for various disorders.

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