Role of gut microbiota in aging processes

Dec 25, 2025Khirurgiia

How gut bacteria may be linked to aging

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Gut-Brain Axis on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Age-related disruption of microbiota is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and immune senescence.

Changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition may actively contribute to aging processes.
Dysbiosis is linked to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and increased translocation of harmful substances.
Chronic inflammation resulting from dysbiosis could underlie major geriatric syndromes and age-related diseases.
The gut microbiome may influence neurodegenerative diseases, muscle health, insulin resistance, cardiovascular health, and bone metabolism.
Centenarians display a unique microbiota profile that may support healthy aging despite the presence of dysbiosis.

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This review examines the fundamental role of intestinal microbiota in modulating aging processes. According to current data, age-related microbiome changes are not a consequence, but an active mechanism of aging, determining individual developmental trajectory along the path of «successful» or pathological aging. Primary focus is on analysis of cause-and-effect relationship between dysbiosis and systemic aging. Age-related disruption of microbiota (decreased diversity, reduced amount ofand, butyrate deficiency) leads to disruption of intestinal barrier, lipopolysaccharide translocation, and chronic systemic inflammation through TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation. This cascade of pathological processes causes immune senescence and underlies major geriatric syndromes and age-associated diseases. This review provides a detailed analysis of dysbiosis influences on various body systems: neurodegenerative diseases via the gut-brain axis, sarcopenia via suppressed muscle protein synthesis, type 2 diabetes via impairment of insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease via TMAO production, and osteoporosis via impaired bone metabolism. Particular attention is paid to unique microbiota profile in centenarians, where combination of dysbiosis and preservation of specific symbionts (,) is thought to promote healthy longevity. The article concludes by substantiating potential for therapeutic modification of microbiota as a strategy for correcting the manifestations of aging. Bifidobacterium Akkermansia muciniphila Christensenellaceae Akkermansia muciniphila

Role of gut microbiota in aging processes

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