Gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation

May 8, 2021Molecular psychiatry

Gut bacteria may influence inflammation and thinking problems caused by lack of sleep

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Abstract

Sleep deprivation (SD) led to gut dysbiosis, inflammatory responses, and cognitive impairment in humans.

Gut microbiota may play a critical role in the development of inflammatory and psychiatric diseases.
In germ-free mice, the absence of gut microbiota suppressed inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment induced by SD.
Transplantation of gut microbiota from sleep-deprived individuals into germ-free mice activated inflammatory pathways and impaired cognitive function.
Mice with sleep-deprivation-associated gut microbiota showed increased neuroinflammation and microglial activity in specific brain regions.

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Sleep deprivation (SD) is increasingly common in modern society, which can lead to the dysregulation of inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory and psychiatric diseases, possibly via gut microbiota-brain interactions and neuroinflammation. The present study investigated the impact of SD on gut microbiota composition and explored whether alterations of the gut microbiota play a causal role in chronic inflammatory states and cognitive impairment that are induced by SD. We found that SD-induced gut dysbiosis, inflammatory responses, and cognitive impairment in humans. Moreover, the absence of the gut microbiota suppressed inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by SD in germ-free (GF) mice. Transplantation of the "SD microbiota" into GF mice activated the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and impaired cognitive function in the recipient mice. Mice that harbored "SD microbiota" also exhibited increases in neuroinflammation and microglial activity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. These findings indicate that gut dysbiosis contributes to both peripheral and central inflammatory processes and cognitive deficits that are induced by SD, which may open avenues for potential interventions that can relieve the detrimental consequences of sleep loss.

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Gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation

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