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Gut Microbiota–Skin Axis in Melasma: Microbial Metabolites and Hormonal Crosstalk
Gut Bacteria, Their Chemicals, and Hormone Interactions in Melasma Skin Condition
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Abstract
Gut dysbiosis may contribute to melasma through microbial metabolites that influence estrogen signaling and cellular aging.
- Microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and exopolysaccharides affect inflammation and estrogen metabolism.
- Dysbiosis alters immunometabolic pathways associated with the chronic skin condition melasma.
- Beneficial gut bacteria produce substances that inhibit harmful signaling pathways and reduce factors that promote skin pigmentation.
- Certain gut microbes enhance estrogen recycling and oxidative stress, which may worsen hyperpigmentation.
- The gut microbiota may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for managing melasma.
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