Higher HEI-2015 diet quality scores were associated with lower odds of among U.S. adults.
Evidence
A weighted cross-sectional NHANES 2005-2018 analysis included 11,557 adults and used multivariable logistic regression, tertiles, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses.
Caveat
The cross-sectional design cannot establish whether better diet quality reduces circadian syndrome, and the authors note the need for validation in more diverse populations.
Simplified
comprises metabolic risk factors and comorbidities associated with circadian rhythm disruption. However, whether overall diet quality is associated with circadian syndrome remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between the (HEI-2015), an indicator of overall diet quality, and circadian syndrome to address this knowledge gap. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2005 to 2018, including adults aged 20 years and older. The HEI-2015 was used to assess individual dietary quality, while circadian syndrome was defined based on the components of metabolic syndrome, along with sleep deprivation and depression. In weighted multivariable logistic regression, HEI-2015 was modeled both as a continuous variable and in tertiles, with HEI-2015 as the independent variable and circadian syndrome (yes/no) as the dependent variable. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to examine potential dose-response relationships, and subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, physical activity, body mass index, trouble sleeping, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. A total of 11,557 participants (mean age 48.7 years; 51.4% female) were included in the study, of whom 3317 were defined as having circadian syndrome. The proportions of participants in HEI-2015 tertiles 1, 2, and 3 were 33.3%, 33.3%, and 33.4%, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, HEI-2015 was inversely associated with circadian syndrome when treated as a continuous variable (OR: 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.94), and when categorized into tertiles, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.67-0.90). RCS analysis indicated a linear negative association (P for nonlinearity = .11). The results of subgroup analyses were consistent across various subgroups. Among U.S. adults, higher HEI-2015 scores were linearly associated with lower risk of circadian syndrome. Further validation in more diverse populations is needed, and clinicians may consider assessing dietary quality in patients with circadian syndrome to optimize management strategies.
Key numbers
29.34%
Prevalence
Proportion of participants diagnosed with .
0.90
Odds Ratio for HEI-2015 Increase
Odds ratio for per 10-point increase in HEI-2015.
0.78
Odds Ratio for Highest HEI-2015 Tertile
Odds ratio for in the highest vs. lowest HEI-2015 tertile.
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