Hemocyanin as a marker of stress from artificial night light in sandy beach amphipods

Hemocyanin levels increased by 40% after 14 days of exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN).

• Hemocyanin is an oxygen-transport protein that may indicate stress in invertebrates.
• In a two-week experiment, hemocyanin levels rose significantly in response to ALAN exposure.
• After 7 days, hemocyanin levels increased by 17% compared to controls.
• After 14 days, hemocyanin levels were 40% higher than control levels.
• These hemocyanin levels exceeded those measured in natural field conditions.

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