Heterologous vs. homologous vaccine regimens: Sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) archaeosome-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein boost following an mRNA/LNP prime induces robust and balanced immune responses

Jan 8, 2026Vaccine

Strong and balanced immune responses from a SARS-CoV-2 protein booster with special particles after an mRNA vaccine

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Abstract

The homologous mRNA/LNP regimen induced a strong humoral response with a more balanced IgG1:IgG2c ratio.

  • Heterologous vaccinations may lead to immune responses reflective of the initial vaccine received.
  • Robust cellular responses in heterologous regimens were observed only when primed with mRNA/LNP vaccines.
  • The homologous protein subunit regimen resulted in a dominating IgG1 response with strong CD4T cell activation only.
  • Different vaccination regimens could induce varying immunological profiles, potentially affecting long-term immunity.

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