Long-term intake of a high prebiotic fiber diet but not high protein reduces metabolic risk after a high fat challenge and uniquely alters gut microbiota and hepatic gene expression

Sep 14, 2014Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)

Long-term high prebiotic fiber diet, but not high protein, lowers metabolic risk after a high-fat meal and changes gut bacteria and liver gene activity

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Rats on a long-term high prebiotic fiber diet had a markedly lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio compared to those on control and high protein diets at 25 weeks.

A high prebiotic fiber diet increased total bacteria and specific beneficial bacteria compared to control and high protein diets.
The abundance of Firmicutes, particularly Clostridium leptum, decreased in rats on the high fiber diet.
Rats on the high fiber diet showed reduced hepatic cholesterol levels compared to those on high protein and control diets.
Changes in gut microbiota and hepatic gene expression may be associated with lower cholesterol levels in the high fiber diet group.

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A mismatch between early developmental diet and adulthood may increase obesity risk. Our objective was to determine the effects of re-matching rats to their weaning diets high in protein or fiber after transient high-fat/high-sucrose challenge in adulthood. We hypothesize that a long-term high fiber diet will be associated with a gut microbiota and hepatic gene expression reflective of reduced adiposity. Wistar rat pups were fed a control (C), high prebiotic fiber (HF), or high protein (HP) diet from 3-15 weeks of age; a high-fat/high-sucrose diet from 15-21 weeks; their respective C, HF, or HP diets from 21-25 weeks. Gut microbiota of cecal contents and hepatic gene expression were measured when rats were terminated at 25 weeks of age. HF rats had higher total bacteria, bifidobacteria and Bacteroides/Prevotella spp than C and HP at 25 weeks (P < 0.05). Firmicutes, especially Clostridium leptum, decreased in HF compared to C and HP (P < .05). The ratio of Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes was markedly lower in HF versus C and HP at 25 weeks (P < .05). HF decreased hepatic cholesterol content compared to HP and C at 25 weeks. HF and HP increased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase mRNA and decreased lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase mRNA compared to C (P < .05). In conclusion, re-matching rats to a HF but not HP diet attenuated the typical increase in Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio associated with consumption of a high fat diet. Lower hepatic cholesterol with long-term HF diet intake may be related to alterations in gut microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism.

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Long-term intake of a high prebiotic fiber diet but not high protein reduces metabolic risk after a high fat challenge and uniquely alters gut microbiota and hepatic gene expression

Abstract

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