An update on human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells and their potential applications in regenerative medicine

Feb 7, 2020Molecular biology reports

New insights on stem cells from tooth root cysts and their possible uses in tissue repair

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Regenerative Health on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) represent a newly discovered MSC subtype that can be easily collected from biological waste.

hPCy-MSCs are derived from periapical cysts, which do not affect other healthy oral tissues.
These stem cells share a cell surface marker profile with other oral-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
hPCy-MSCs exhibit high proliferative capacity.
They have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neuron-like cells.
The availability and characteristics of hPCy-MSCs suggest they could be a valuable resource in regenerative medicine.

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The broad clinical applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the regenerative medicine field is attributed to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cellular lineages. Nowadays, MSCs can be derived from a variety of adult and fetal tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and placenta. The difficulties associated with the isolation of MSCs from certain tissues such as bone marrow promoted the search for alternative tissues which are easily accessible. Oral derived MSCs include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPC), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC). Being abundant and easily accessible, oral derived MSCs represent an interesting alternative MSC type to be employed in regenerative medicine. Human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) correspond to a newly discovered and characterized MSC subtype. Interestingly, hPCy-MSCs are collected from periapical cysts, which are a biological waste, without any influence on the other healthy tissues in oral cavity. hPCy-MSCs exhibit cell surface marker profile similar to that of other oral derived MSCs, show high proliferative potency, and possess the potential to differentiate into different cell types such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurons-like cells. hPCy-MSCs, therefore, represent a novel promising MSCs type to be applied in regenerative medicine domain. In this review, we will compare the different types of dental derived MSCs, we will highlight the isolation technique, the characteristics, and the therapeutic potential of hPCy-MSCs.

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An update on human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells and their potential applications in regenerative medicine

Abstract

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