Immunomodulatory role of gut microbiota in autoimmune disorders and the advancement of gut microbiota based therapeutic strategies

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with autoimmune pathogenesis through various mechanisms.

• Dysbiosis may lead to immune dysregulation and increased intestinal permeability.
• Mechanisms like depletion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Th17/Treg imbalance are implicated in autoimmune disorders.
• Molecular mimicry and disrupted signaling pathways may also contribute to the development of autoimmune conditions.
• Interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, SCFA supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could modulate immune responses.
• Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that restoring gut microbiota may serve as a potential immunotherapeutic approach.

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