Autoimmunity reviews

Immunomodulatory treatments being tested for polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: A review of clinical trials

Updated

Abstract

A total of 23 disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were identified for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA).

  • For PMR, 15 DMARDs were identified, including 2 conventional synthetic, 11 biologic, and 2 targeted synthetic options.
  • For GCA, 18 DMARDs were identified, comprising 2 conventional synthetic, 14 biologic, and 2 targeted synthetic options.
  • Currently, only 2 approved corticosteroid-sparing therapies are available, both targeting the IL-6 signaling pathway.
  • Tocilizumab is approved for GCA, while sarilumab is approved for PMR.
  • Most development efforts for new treatments seem to focus on repurposing existing drugs rather than developing new therapies.

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Funding

Competing interests

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with AbbVie France that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and non-financial support. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Amgen SAS that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Bristol Myers Squibb Co that includes: consulting or advisory and speaking and lecture fees. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Celltrion, Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Fresenius Kabi France LLC that includes: consulting or advisory. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Galapagos that includes: consulting or advisory. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with GSK that includes: consulting or advisory. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Janssen-Cilag SAS that includes: consulting or advisory, non-financial support, speaking and lecture fees, and travel reimbursement. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with MEDAC that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with MSD France SAS that includes: travel reimbursement. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Nordic Group that includes: travel reimbursement. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, employment, speaking and lecture fees, and travel reimbursement. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Pfizer France that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with Sanofi-Aventis France SA that includes: non-financial support and travel reimbursement. Renaud FELTEN reports a relationship with UCB Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory, speaking and lecture fees, and travel reimbursement. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with AstraZeneca that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with AbbVie Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Alpine Institute for Drug Discovery SA that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Bristol Myers Squibb Co that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with GSK that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Grifols Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Kezar Life Sciences Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with LFB Biopharmaceuticals Ltd. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with MEDAC that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Novartis that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with Roche that includes: consulting or advisory. Laurent ARNAUD reports a relationship with UCB that includes: consulting or advisory. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with AbbVie France that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with BMS that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with Chugai that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with Fresenius-Kabi that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with Galapagos that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with Lilly that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with MSD that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with Novartis that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: speaking and lecture fees. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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