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Joint association of the inflammatory marker and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: a national prospective study
How inflammation and stages of heart, kidney, and metabolic health relate to overall and heart disease death risk in a national study
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Abstract
Over a median follow-up of 109 months, 5,583 all-cause deaths and 1,843 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific deaths occurred.
- Advanced stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic () syndrome are linked to higher all-cause and CVD mortality risks.
- Elevated (SIRI) is correlated with increased mortality from all causes and CVD.
- Individuals with advanced CKM stages (Stages 3-4) and elevated SIRI (> 0.81) face the highest mortality risks, with hazard ratios of 1.84 for all-cause and 2.50 for CVD mortality.
- The associations between CKM stages, SIRI, and mortality are particularly significant in adults under 60 years.
- Findings suggest the need for targeted interventions that address both CKM progression and systemic inflammation.
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Key numbers
1.84×
Increase in All-Cause Mortality Risk
Risk of all-cause mortality for Stages 3-4 with > 0.81
2.50×
Increase in CVD Mortality Risk
Risk of CVD mortality for Stages 3-4 with > 0.81
41.14%
All-Cause Mortality Rate at Stage 4
Percentage of all-cause mortality in participants at Stage 4