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Innate immune responses against mRNA vaccine promote cellular immunity through IFN-β at the injection site
Natural immune reactions to mRNA vaccine support cell-based immunity through IFN-β at the injection site
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Abstract
Injection site fibroblasts are highly enriched with delivered mRNA and express IFN-β specifically in response to the mRNA component.
- Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) trigger pro-inflammatory responses at the injection site.
- Type I interferon responses are a dominant feature of the immune reaction to mRNA vaccines.
- Migratory dendritic cells expressing interferon-stimulated genes are induced by mRNA-LNP but not by LNP alone.
- Co-injection of IFN-β with an LNP-subunit vaccine enhances antigen-specific cellular immune responses.
- Blocking IFN-β signaling reduces cellular immune responses induced by the .
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Key numbers
Substantial
Cellular Immune Response Increase
Co-injection of IFN-β with LNP-subunit vaccines
Significant
Decrease in Immune Response
Compared to LNP+mRNA vaccination