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Abstract
A triple-ferment filtrate complex (TF Complex) derived from fermented rice, green tea, and algae may exhibit various biological activities.
- Skin aging is associated with factors like oxidative stress and inflammation.
- Fermentation-derived cosmetic ingredients are gaining interest for their potential multifunctional benefits.
- The mechanisms of action for these ingredients are often not well understood.
- This study aims to characterize the biological activities of the TF Complex.
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