Internet Use and Loneliness of Older Adults Over Time: The Mediating Effect of Social Contact

Jan 17, 2020The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

Internet Use and Loneliness in Older Adults Over Time: How Social Contact May Link Them

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Abstract

Internet use was associated with a 0.060 point reduction in loneliness over an 8-year period.

Increased internet use correlated with more frequent social contact with family and friends.
More social contact was linked to lower levels of perceived loneliness.
The mediated effect of social contact on loneliness was estimated at -0.025.
Loneliness was measured using a scale where 0 indicates never lonely and 2 indicates often lonely.

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OBJECTIVES: The internet is increasingly commonly used by older adults. However, it remains controversial in the literature on whether older people are more or less lonely with internet adoption. The current paper aims to test the longitudinal association of internet use and loneliness and to theorize the relationship by examining the mediating effect of social contact.

METHOD: This study employed data from 2006, 2010, and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Loneliness was measured with the three-item UCLA loneliness scale, social contact was operationalized as contact frequency with family and friends, and internet use was measured using a self-assessed dichotomous item. Longitudinal associations and mediation effects were tested using hierarchical linear modeling.

RESULTS: Internet use was associated with decreased loneliness over an 8-year period (b = -0.049, p < .001) and more social contact (b = 0.285, p < .001), which was related to lower perceived loneliness (b = -0.088, p < .001). On a scale ranges from 0 to 2 (0 = never lonely, 2 = often lonely), the total effect of internet use on loneliness was -0.060, and the mediated effect was -0.025.

DISCUSSION: These findings imply that internet use may be an effective tool for reducing loneliness in older people by maintaining social contact.

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