An intraperitoneal mRNA-LNP encoding two strongly suppressed gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis models through localized T cell co-activation.
Evidence
This preclinical platform study tested E3C4 in binding, cytotoxicity, reporter, PBMC-humanized mouse tumor, immune-infiltration, cytokine, and mouse toxicity assays, including 80.9% in vitro cytotoxicity and 98.5% subcutaneous tumor growth inhibition at 3 μg.
Caveat
The antitumor and safety results come from cell assays and mouse models, with transient IL-6, AST, ALT, and body-weight changes still observed.
Simplified
INTRODUCTIONS: (GCPM) carries a poor prognosis, constrained by inadequate drug delivery, systemic toxicity, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We developed E3C4, a single mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) co-encoding EpCAM×CD3 and Claudin18.2×41BB (BsAbs), to achieve localized dual-antigen T cell co-activation against GCPM.
METHODS: E3C4 was prepared by co-encapsulating mΨ-modified mRNAs using ionizable lipids. Functional characterization included surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for binding affinity, T cell-dependent cytotoxicity (TDCC), and 4-1BB reporter assays. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in PBMC-humanized mice bearing subcutaneous or orthotopic NCI-N87 tumors. Immune infiltration and cytokine release were analyzed via flow cytometry and ELISA. Safety was assessed in C57BL/6J mice through acute and repeated-dose toxicity studies. 1
RESULTS: Consequently, E3C4 exhibited optimal particle size and encapsulation efficiency. SPR confirmed high affinity for both BsAbs (KD ~10M). Synergistic T cell activation achieved 80.9% cytotoxicity in vitro, significantly surpassing EpCAM×CD3 alone (29.1%, P<0.001). In subcutaneous models, 3 μg E3C4 induced 98.5% tumor growth inhibition with enhanced T cell infiltration and granzyme B expression. Intraperitoneal delivery enabled 96.4% tumor-localized expression, yielding superior efficacy over recombinant BsAbs in orthotopic models. E3C4 showed no mortality or cytokine release syndrome, with only transient elevations in IL-6, AST and ALT, as well as a >10% body weight loss that resolved within 2 weeks. The maximum tolerated dose exceeded the therapeutic dose by >200-fold. -10
CONCLUSION: E3C4 constitutes a localized, synergistic platform that enables dual-antigen T cell co-activation within the peritoneal cavity. This approach maximizes antitumor efficacy while circumventing systemic toxicity, offering a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for GCPM.
Key numbers
80.9%
In vitro Cytotoxicity Rate Increase
Cytotoxicity of E3C4 vs. EpCAM×CD3 alone
98.5%
Tumor Growth Inhibition
Inhibition achieved with 3 μg E3C4 in subcutaneous models
>200-fold
Maximum Tolerated Dose Exceedance
Maximum tolerated dose of E3C4 compared to therapeutic dose
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