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Ischemic Stroke: Pathophysiology and Evolving Treatment Approaches
How Blood Flow Blockage Causes Stroke and New Ways to Treat It
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Abstract
is the most common type of stroke, resulting from reduced cerebral blood flow that leads to neuronal injury and death.
- Ischemic stroke is linked to a series of harmful events caused by oxygen and nutrient deprivation.
- Key processes involved include , oxidative stress, and inflammation, which contribute to cellular damage.
- Molecular players such as glutamate receptors, acid-sensing ion channels, and purinergic receptors may exacerbate neuronal injury.
- Current treatments focus on timely intervention, particularly with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), though challenges remain regarding variability and accessibility.
- Future therapeutic strategies may include neuroprotective agents and stem cell therapies aimed at reducing stroke-related disabilities.
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Key numbers
15 million
Stroke Incidence
Number of people affected by stroke annually worldwide.
26%
Global Stroke Deaths Increase
Increase in global stroke deaths over the last two decades.
80-90%
Prevalence
Percentage of strokes that are ischemic.