Diagnostic value of isolated plasma biomarkers and its combination in neurodegenerative dementias: A multicenter cohort study

Apr 8, 2024Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

Diagnostic usefulness of blood biomarkers alone and combined in different neurodegenerative dementias

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Abstract

Plasma biomarkers Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP were significantly altered in 92 dementia patients compared to 20 healthy controls.

All tested plasma biomarkers were significantly different in dementia patients compared to healthy controls.
Aβ42/Aβ40 and neurofilament light (NfL) were particularly effective in distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls.
A combination of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP effectively discriminated frontotemporal dementia or progressive supranuclear palsy from healthy controls.
The combination of these biomarkers may provide more accurate identification of frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy compared to Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's dementia.

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BACKGROUND: Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ), phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau181), neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) potentially aid in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. We aim to conduct a comprehensive comparison between different biomarkers and their combination, which is lacking, in a multicenter Chinese dementia cohort consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

METHODS: We enrolled 92 demented patients [64 AD, 16 FTD, and 12 PSP with dementia] and 20 healthy controls (HC). Their plasma Αβ, p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP were detected by highly sensitive-single molecule immunoassays. Αβ pathology in patients was measured by cerebrospinal fluid or/and amyloid positron emission tomography.

RESULTS: All plasma biomarkers tested were significantly altered in dementia patients compared with HC, especially Aβ42/Aβ40 and NfL showed significant performance in distinguishing AD from HC. A combination of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP could discriminate FTD or PSP well from HC and was able to distinguish AD and non-AD (FTD/PSP).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed the diagnostic performance of individual plasma biomarkers Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP in Chinese dementia patients and noted that a combination of these biomarkers may be more accurate in identifying FTD/PSP patients and distinguishing AD from non-AD dementia.

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Diagnostic value of isolated plasma biomarkers and its combination in neurodegenerative dementias: A multicenter cohort study

Abstract

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