Scientific reportsApr 2, 2026

Circle RNA vaccine delivered by lipid nanoparticles triggers strong immune responses

mRNA Technology Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗OA ↗

Updated Apr 3, 2026

Abstract

CircRNA vaccines may induce significant immune responses in cancer treatment.

CircRNA is a stable form of nucleic acid that resists degradation.
In mice, circRNA vaccines have shown antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
CircRNA vaccination may activate antigen-specific immune responses.
Activation and maturation of dendritic cells were induced by circRNA.
Responses of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were enhanced following circRNA treatment.

Simplified

Circle RNA (circRNA) is a closed-loop nucleic acid resistant to exonuclease degradation. Their enhanced stability and potential for efficient protein expression through circRNA modification render them promising novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. In this study, we systematically investigated the antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities of circRNA vaccines in mice, as well as their effects on activating antigen-specific immune responses, through a meta-analysis. Subsequently, we further validated the immune-activating effects of circRNA using monocytes and T cells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that circRNA induces the activation and maturation of dendritic cells, as well as the responses of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. These findings demonstrate the potential of circRNA to exert significant effects in therapeutic cancer vaccines.

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Circle RNA vaccine delivered by lipid nanoparticles triggers strong immune responses

Abstract

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