Lipid nanoparticles encapsulating both adjuvant and antigen mRNA improve influenza immune cross-protection in mice

The engineered mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine induced high levels of antibodies and T cell responses in mice against influenza A.

• The mRNA vaccine included a cytokine adjuvant and influenza A hemagglutinin antigen for intradermal vaccination.
• High levels of humoral antibodies and systemic T cell responses were observed against heterologous influenza antigens.
• Immunized mice were protected against influenza A viral infections.
• Early germinal center reactions in draining lymph nodes were triggered, promoting antibody-secreting B cell responses.
• Two different adjuvant mRNAs enhanced both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.
• Intramuscular immunizations led to significant lung tissue-resident T cells.

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