How Lipid Nanoparticles Change Shape and Structure at the Molecular Level

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) may influence gene transfection outcomes through structural phase transitions induced by variations in sterol content and headgroup chemistry.

• Cationic lipids, helper lipids, and sterols are key components that affect the self-assembly and stability of LNPs.
• Molecular models reveal insights into how LNP components are organized at a structural level.
• Sterols and helper lipids can modulate LNP architectures, impacting membrane fluidity and endosomal escape.
• Transitions from lamellar to non-lamellar structures can occur based on sterol content, affecting gene delivery efficacy.
• Cationic lipids can induce phase transitions under different pH conditions, which are crucial for RNA release and membrane fusion.

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