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Abstract
Norepinephrine deficiency is associated with increased inflammatory responses and reduced microglial functions in Alzheimer's disease models.
- Norepinephrine stimulation in mouse microglia may suppress the production of inflammatory substances in response to Abeta.
- Microglial migration and ability to engulf Abeta are increased with norepinephrine stimulation.
- Degeneration of the locus ceruleus is linked to heightened expression of inflammatory mediators and greater Abeta buildup in APP-transgenic mice.
- Reduced microglial recruitment to Abeta plaques and diminished phagocytosis are observed in mice lacking norepinephrine.
- Restoring norepinephrine levels with L-threo-DOPS can reverse impairments in microglial functions caused by norepinephrine depletion.
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