Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a nationwide cohort study

Dec 17, 2019Journal of cardiology

Long-term exposure to fine air pollution and heart-related death risk in the general population

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Abstract

An increase in 10 μg/m³ of fine particulate matter is associated with a 3.4% rise in all-cause mortality and a 4.7% rise in cardiovascular mortality.

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is linked to increased mortality rates in the general Korean population.
A total of 6,432 all-cause and 1,603 cardiovascular deaths were recorded during 1,683,271 person-years of observation.
Significant correlations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were found at PM levels above 18 μg/m³.
The effect of PM on all-cause mortality is notably stronger in individuals with a history of myocardial infarction.
The highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting cardiovascular mortality were observed at PM concentrations of 18 μg/m³.

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BACKGROUND: Although eastern Asian countries are exposed to high levels of air pollution, the impact of long-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is not well identified. We assessed the relationship between long-term PMexposure and all-cause/cardiovascular mortalities. 2.5 2.5

METHODS: We included 436,933 subjects who received national health examinations from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-based National Sample Cohort. We matched subjects' residential-address areas with hourly-measurements of PMconcentration data. We estimated the risk of mortality with average PMexposure during the study period using a Cox proportional-hazards model. 2.5 2.5

RESULTS: During 1,683,271 person·years, all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were observed in 6432 and 1603 subjects (382 and 95 per 100,000 person·years, respectively). An increase in 10 μg/min PMwas associated with increases in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities by 3.4 % [2.7-4.1] and 4.7 % [3.6-5.8], respectively (each p < 0.001). PMwas linearly and significantly correlated with these all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities above 18 μg/mof PM(p < 0.001), but it was not significant below 18 μg/mof PM. To investigate the specific PMconcentration for raising cardiovascular mortality more, we analyzed the sensitivities/specificities for different PMlevels, and 18 μg/mshowed the highest Youden's index (sensitivity + specificity-1) with c-index of 0.85 (0.84-0.86). PMeffect on all-cause mortality was more profound in subjects with previous myocardial infarction compared to the opposite population. 3 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

CONCLUSIONS: In the Korean general population exposed to high-air pollution, long-term PMexposure was linearly associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, especially above 18 μg/mof PM. 2.5 2.5 3

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Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a nationwide cohort study

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