Using Rapamycin-Releasing Nanofibers to Improve Lymphatic and Immune Response for Brain Covering Repair and Protection After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

4% rapamycin-loaded poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) nanofibers achieved much higher functional recovery and markedly reduced cerebral tissue loss in rat traumatic brain injury models.

• The bioactive patch modulates the balance of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells, which may help restore immune balance.
• It normalizes the structure of meningeal lymphatic vessels, potentially improving lymphatic function.
• The patch suppresses fibroblast proliferation, which could prevent the formation of cerebral tissue adhesions.
• This approach shifts the focus from merely sealing the dura to actively modulating immune and lymphatic responses.

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