Different types of lysosomes identified by their unique roles in cells

Lysosomes appear functionally diverse, shifting their signaling, degradation, repair, metabolism, and calcium roles across health and disease states.

This review discusses emerging evidence on lysosomal heterogeneity in nutrient response, vesicle traffic, membrane remodeling, organelle contacts, lipid metabolism, calcium signaling, and disease-associated hyperactivity or hypoactivity.

The abstract synthesizes cellular mechanisms rather than reporting a new mapped dataset, quantified model, or direct disease intervention outcome.