Metabolic enzymes acting as protein switches that add or remove phosphate groups

Metabolic enzymes may influence cellular processes through noncanonical roles in phosphorylation.

• A subset of metabolic enzymes acts as protein kinases or phosphatases, linking metabolism to signaling pathways.
• These enzymes are involved in regulating chromatin remodeling, transcription, cell cycle progression, and metabolism.
• They also play roles in autophagy, cell survival and death, and immune responses.
• The unexpected functions of these enzymes suggest they are key regulators of both normal physiology and disease.

Simplified