Microalgal metabolic engineering facilitates precision nutrition and dietary regulation

Aug 13, 2024The Science of the total environment

Using microalgae engineering to improve precise nutrition and diet control

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Microalgae can serve as sustainable sources of nutrition due to their ability to produce valuable bioactive compounds like omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.

Microalgae exhibit versatile metabolic capabilities that make them suitable for precision nutrition and dietary regulation.
Manipulating metabolic pathways through advanced engineering techniques may enhance the production of essential nutrients.
Genetic modifications can optimize microalgal strains for increased nutritional content, benefiting both human diets and aquaculture.
Strategies to boost specific enzymes are linked to enhanced production of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
This review discusses the integration of synthetic biology and machine learning in improving metabolic pathway manipulation.

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Microalgae have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for precision nutrition and dietary regulation due to their versatile metabolic capabilities. This review innovatively applies system metabolic engineering to utilize microalgae for precision nutrition and sustainable diets, encompassing the construction of microalgal cell factories, cell cultivation and practical application of microalgae. Manipulating the metabolic pathways and key metabolites of microalgae through multi-omics analysis and employing advanced metabolic engineering strategies, including ZFNs, TALENs, and the CRISPR/Cas system, enhances the production of valuable bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and essential amino acids. This work begins by providing an overview of the metabolic diversity of microalgae and their ability to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. It then delves into the principles and strategies of metabolic engineering, emphasizing the genetic modifications employed to optimize microalgal strains for enhanced nutritional content. Enhancing PSY, BKT, and CHYB benefits carotenoid synthesis, whereas boosting ACCase, fatty acid desaturases, and elongases promotes polyunsaturated fatty acid production. Here, advancements in synthetic biology, evolutionary biology and machine learning are discussed, offering insights into the precision and efficiency of metabolic pathway manipulation. Also, this review highlights the potential impact of microalgal precision nutrition on human health and aquaculture. The optimized microalgal strains could serve as sustainable and cost-effective sources of nutrition for both human consumption and aquaculture feed, addressing the growing demand for functional foods and environmentally friendly feed alternatives. The tailored microalgal strains are anticipated to play a crucial role in meeting the nutritional needs of diverse populations and contributing to sustainable food production systems.

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Microalgal metabolic engineering facilitates precision nutrition and dietary regulation

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