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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.
- Host-microbiome interactions may modulate antitumor immunity and influence clinical outcomes.
- The respiratory and gut microbiota can contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment through T-cell exhaustion and regulatory cell activation.
- Certain commensal bacteria may facilitate the recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by dendritic cells.
- Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, could influence myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
- Microbiota-modulation strategies, including tailored probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
- The integration of microbiome science into precision oncology is advocated for improved patient stratification and counteracting therapeutic resistance.
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