The European journal of neuroscienceJul 26, 2026

Using Tiny Medicine to Influence Gut Bacteria and Brain Communication for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Gut-Brain Axis Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Jul 27, 2026

Abstract

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) involves interactions between gut microbiota and the brain that may influence neurological health.

The MGBA represents a two-way communication system between the gut and the brain.
Gut microbiota is crucial for metabolism, immunity, and maintaining balance in the body.
Three primary pathways of the MGBA include the vagal nerve, immune responses, and hormonal signals.
An imbalance in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, may impact both gastrointestinal and neurological functions.
Dysbiosis is associated with various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, depression, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis.
Potential therapies for MGBA involve dietary changes, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation to restore microbiota balance and alleviate neurological symptoms.

Simplified

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota (GM) and the brain, where the GM affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS), and vice versa. Microbiotas are important for several vital body processes, including metabolism, immunity, and homeostasis. The MGBA has three main pathways: the vagal nerve mechanism, the immune-related mechanism, and the neuroendocrine mechanism. GM imbalance, known as dysbiosis, affects the GIT, the brain, and the CNS. Furthermore, dysbiosis is linked to several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Studying MGBA gives researchers new therapeutic ideas using microbiota. Using special diets rich in fiber and probiotics, in addition to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), is being studied as a new therapy for MGBA. From the point of view that these therapeutic interventions maintain microbiota imbalance, which in turn will affect the brain and can relieve the neurological disorders caused by dysbiosis and MGBA.

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Using Tiny Medicine to Influence Gut Bacteria and Brain Communication for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

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