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Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may be involved in cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative disorders related to aging.
- Disruptions in immune, metabolic, and neuroendocrine signaling along the gut-brain axis are associated with cognitive decline in older adults.
- Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, may enhance glial function and maintain blood-brain barrier integrity.
- The effectiveness of probiotics is highly strain-specific and context-dependent, requiring individualized evaluations.
- Future research should focus on precision microbiome-based strategies to identify optimal strains and their mechanisms of action.
- Diet, physical activity, and microbial exposures may serve as important non-pharmacological tools for supporting neurocognitive health in aging.
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