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Microbiota and immune dynamics in rheumatoid arthritis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential
How gut microbes and the immune system interact in rheumatoid arthritis and possible treatments
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Abstract
Microbial dysbiosis may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- Dysbiosis is associated with immune cell modulation and autoantibody production in RA.
- Alterations in gut barrier integrity may contribute to joint inflammation in affected individuals.
- Animal models indicate that genetic and environmental factors can interact with specific microbes to affect disease susceptibility.
- Metabolic disruptions from dysbiosis, such as changes in short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, could intensify immune dysregulation.
- Therapeutic strategies like probiotics, microbial metabolites, and fecal microbiota transplantation may help restore microbial balance.
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