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Le microbiote intestinal : description, rôle et implication physiopathologique
Gut bacteria: What they are, their functions, and how they affect health and disease
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Abstract
The human gut contains approximately 10^14 bacteria along with various micro-organisms.
- Gut microbiota is unique for each individual after bacterial colonization in infancy, with over 95% classified into four major phyla.
- High throughput sequencing has revealed detailed insights into gut microbiota structure, diversity, and alterations associated with diseases.
- Gut microbiota plays a role in the maturation of the immune system and is involved in essential metabolic processes like fermentation.
- Dysbiosis, or imbalance of gut microbial populations, is linked to several digestive diseases, obesity, and autism.
- There is increasing interest in therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, to restore gut microbiota balance.
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