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Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics are increasingly detected in human tissues, including the cardiovascular system.
- MNPs are associated with systemic toxicity and potential pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
- Exposure to MNPs may impair mitochondrial integrity and induce oxidative stress in cardiac tissue.
- MNPs could disrupt calcium signaling and promote genomic instability.
- Inflammation, cellular aging, and dysfunction of the cellular cleanup process are exacerbated by MNPs.
- Sex-specific responses to mitochondrial damage from MNPs may exist, highlighting developmental vulnerabilities.
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