Full text is available at the source.
Abstract
Migraine is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, and low-grade systemic inflammation.
- Alterations in the gut microbiota and dysregulation of the gut-brain axis may contribute to migraine through immune activation and oxidative stress.
- Probiotics may modulate inflammatory cytokine profiles and enhance gut barrier integrity.
- Clinical trials indicate probiotics could reduce migraine frequency, severity, and analgesic use, especially in chronic migraine and pediatric populations.
- Limited evidence suggests prebiotics and microbiota-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids may also play a role in migraine management.
- Current knowledge on the strain-, formulation-, and population-specific characteristics of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics remains insufficient.
Simplified