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Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an active driver of inflammatory processes in neurodegenerative diseases.
- mtDNA is susceptible to oxidative damage and can trigger immune responses when released from mitochondria.
- The mechanisms regulating mtDNA escape from mitochondria involve defects in mitochondrial quality control.
- Impaired mitophagy and macroautophagy lead to the accumulation of damaged mtDNA.
- Damaged mtDNA can be released through mitochondria-derived vesicles, exosomes, or as cell-free mtDNA.
- The interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and immune activation is linked to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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