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Mitochondrial immunometabolism in sepsis: orchestrating macrophage polarization and dysfunction
How cell energy changes affect immune cell behavior and problems during sepsis
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and contributes to immune dysregulation in sepsis.
- Macrophages can polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 or reparative M2 types, influencing the immune response.
- M1 macrophages primarily utilize glycolysis, generating high levels of reactive oxygen species and cytokines.
- M2 macrophages depend on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation for their functions.
- Dysregulation of mitochondrial processes, including mitophagy and fission/fusion dynamics, may worsen tissue injury during sepsis.
- Targeting mitochondrial pathways through various therapeutic strategies may help restore macrophage balance and improve clinical outcomes.
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