European journal of medical research

How cell energy changes affect immune cell behavior and problems during sepsis

Updated

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and contributes to immune dysregulation in sepsis.

  • Macrophages can polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 or reparative M2 types, influencing the immune response.
  • M1 macrophages primarily utilize glycolysis, generating high levels of reactive oxygen species and cytokines.
  • M2 macrophages depend on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation for their functions.
  • Dysregulation of mitochondrial processes, including mitophagy and fission/fusion dynamics, may worsen tissue injury during sepsis.
  • Targeting mitochondrial pathways through various therapeutic strategies may help restore macrophage balance and improve clinical outcomes.

Simplified

Full Text

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Funding

Competing interests

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent participate: This article reviews the existing literature and contains no studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors. Therefore, no ethical approval was required for this work. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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